HOSA Foundations of Nutrition Practice Test

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• Atherosclerosis increases the risk of which condition?
• Which organ secretes insulin?
• What term describes unusually high levels of cholesterol in the blood, commonly seen with atherosclerosis?
• Botulism is the deadliest form of which type of poisoning?
• Which disorders are cited as examples of chronic malabsorption?
• Which element is necessary for growth and health and is found in proteins?
• Which pathogen is particularly associated with illness from ready-to-eat foods and can grow in the refrigerator?
• Which vitamin is described as heat-stable and not easily oxidized?
• Zinc deficiency is associated with which of the following?
• Adipose tissue is best described as which of the following?
• For digestion, fats require which components?
• Protein-deficient, calorie malnutrition, emaciated appearance describes which condition?
• Which term is a B vitamin essential for metabolism?
• Protective systems regulating hydrogen ion concentration in body fluids are known as what?
• Which term describes the protective regulation of hydrogen ion concentration in body fluids?
• What hormone promotes retention of water by the kidneys and is also known as Vasopressin?
• What term correctly describes the building blocks that make up proteins?
• Which tissue protects, insulates, and stores fat, and is located beneath the skin, around the kidneys, behind the eyeballs, and on the surface of the heart?
• Which element affects the rate of metabolism in the body?
• Which of the following is a polysaccharide?
• Which enzyme secreted by the pancreas digests proteins?
• An infection of the intestines marked by severe diarrhea is most accurately called which term?
• Which fluid contains plasma as its component?
• Which term is a plasma protein that helps maintain blood volume and osmotic balance?
• Where does digestion begin in the gastrointestinal tract?
• Where are most nutrients absorbed in the digestive system?
• Which intracellular electrolyte is essential for maintaining cellular function and fluid balance?
• Identify the form of arteriolosclerosis affecting the inner lining of the artery walls.
• Which protozoan parasite is associated with gastroenteritis and is often linked to contaminated water?
• What is the primary function of the colon?
• Which device is used to estimate body fat percentage via skinfold measurement?
• Which term describes energy expenditure at rest to maintain basic bodily functions?
• Parasites found in pork can lead to which disease?
• Which chronic disease involves the joints?
• Which bacterium is commonly found in the intestines of animals and can be transmitted through contaminated water, milk, juice, meats, or produce?
• Which cuisine centers on lamb, pita and flat breads, legumes, chickpeas/hummus, dairy, and fruits such as dates and figs, and notes a need for more vitamins, minerals, and fiber?
• Which term is a sugar substitute produced by combining two amino acids?
• What term describes the food in the mouth that is ready to be swallowed?
• Which condition requires a low-residue diet?
• Which statement about bacterial growth temperatures is true?
• The deadliest of bacterial food poisonings is?
• Excessive amount of protein can result in which condition?
• The body’s buffering system primarily helps regulate which property of blood?
• What system in the body regulates acid-base balance?
• Which fatty acids are considered essential because the body cannot synthesize them?
• Which nutrients are used primarily to provide energy?
• Galactose is produced from the digestion of which common dairy sugar?
• What is the approximate safe cooking temperature for meat and eggs to ensure pathogens are killed?
• Which foods are considered complete proteins?
• One gram of carbohydrate provides how many calories?
• Which cuisine notes lack of vitamin C?
• Which sugar is commonly found in yogurt?
• Which nutrients are used mainly to repair body tissues?
• Carotenoids are precursors to which vitamin?
• The coloring matter of blood is the component known as?
• In the small intestine, protein digestion continues due to which enzymes?
• When an organism is infectious, it is described as?
• Potassium deficiency leads to which condition?
• Which type of carbohydrate is the simplest form and requires no digestion?
• Which sterol is essential for the synthesis of bile acids, hormones, vitamin D, and can contribute to plaque formation?
• How many calories are in one gram of protein?
• Which cuisine emphasizes salads, bread as the basis, fruity olive oil, and includes seafood, lamb, goat, and pork?
• Which vitamin is commonly added to cereals and breads alongside thiamine, riboflavin, or niacin to prevent neural tube defects?
• Fat alternative for snack foods?
• Where does chemical digestion of proteins occur?
• What are the building blocks of proteins?
• Which artificial sweetener is made from two amino acids and does not require insulin for metabolism?
• Which condition is associated with edema caused by protein deficiency?
• Which element is a major component of the disulfide bonds in proteins?
• Which statement correctly describes fat digestion?
• Which process is described as combining nutrient oxygen within the cell and is also known as oxidation?
• The grain germ is a rich source of which nutrients?
• Which bacterium causes shigellosis with symptoms occurring 1 day to a week after infection and dehydration?
• What is the energy required to maintain life-sustaining activities at rest for a given period called?
• Which term denotes the presence of excess base in the body?
• Which statement accurately defines hypercholesterolemia?
• Which vitamins are transported through the body by lipoproteins after absorption?
• Which vitamin is described as an antioxidant protecting red blood cells?
• Pellagra is a disease caused by deficiency of which vitamin?
• Pernicious anemia is a severe chronic anemia caused by deficiency of vitamin B12 and impaired absorption due to gastric secretions. Which condition is this?
• What is the unit that represents the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1°C?
• Which vitamin is involved in metabolism of carbohydrates and some amino acids and is essential for nerve and muscle action, and is absorbed in the small intestine?
• Which hormone secreted from the pancreas controls glucose metabolism and lowers the glucose level in the blood?
• Water is essential for hydrolysis?
• Which of the following is NOT a monosaccharide?
• The inner part of the kernel of grain, the endosperm, primarily contains which carbohydrate?
• Which fat is healthiest for frying among common cooking fats?
• Craving non food substances during pregnancy is known as what?
• Invisible fats would be found in which of the following items?
• Dietary fiber helps soften stool by absorbing water in which part of the digestive tract?
• Which condition is caused by an insufficient number of red blood cells, hemoglobin or blood volume?
• What are the three main functions of the six essential nutrients?
• Cellulose is a polysaccharide that serves as the primary structural component of what?
• Which digestive component emulsifies fats to aid their digestion?
• What disease is caused by parasites found in pork and marked by severe diarrhea?
• Which enzymes are noted as being present in children's gastric secretions in addition to the standard enzymes of the stomach?
• Which trio of electrolytes maintains the balance between intracellular and extracellular fluids?
• Which hormone, also known as ADH, reduces urine output to prevent dehydration?
• Oatrim is a fat substitute used for which category of foods?
• Which vitamin is often linked to energy metabolism and is essential for cellular function?
• Which term describes the ability of a nutrient to be readily absorbed and used by the body?
• What is the name of the semi-fluid mass that leaves the stomach?
• Which term describes glucose, fructose, and galactose collectively?
• Which cuisine lists 5 essential grains—rice, soybeans, barley, wheat, millet—along with vegetables, and proteins from seafood, eggs, pork, chicken, beef, and tofu, while noting soy sauce is high in sodium and calcium is insufficient?
• Chemical substances found in food and necessary for good health, including carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water, are called what?
• Which bacterium is known for growing at refrigeration temperatures and can cause illness?
• Which organ primarily controls cholesterol metabolism?
• Which compounds are considered provitamin A and may reduce cancer risk?
• Substances that cause altered physical reactions are called what?
• Which cuisine lists spatzle and muesli as main carbohydrate sources?
• Which nutrient combination is specifically associated with supporting red blood cell formation during pregnancy?
• Which substance is needed to digest fats?
• Which disease is managed with a gluten-controlled diet?
• Tetany is caused by the deficiency of which mineral?
• Which dietary guidance suggests low fat protein provided but not in excess?
• In plants, glucose is stored in which form?
• Which cuisine includes pineapple, mango, papayas, guava, and coconut?
• Severe malnutrition and body wasting caused by chronic disease is called what?
• Deficiency disease caused by lack of vitamin B1 (thiamine) with symptoms including heavy legs and burning feet?
• Which sequence correctly lists the three sections of the small intestine in order from beginning to end?
• Phosphorus is found in which foods?
• What term describes measurements of height, weight, circumferences, and body composition?
• Dietary fiber is best described as which part of plants?
• Glycogen is the storage polysaccharide of which organisms?
• What is the correct term for the sphincter controlling the opening from the stomach to the duodenum?
• Night blindness is caused by deficiency of which vitamin?
• Fat alternative for ice cream?
• What is another name for riboflavin?
• Campylobacter jejuni is transmitted through unpasteurized milk, contaminated water, raw meat, and shellfish, with symptoms including diarrhea, fever, headache, abdominal pain, and nausea. Which organism is this?
• Which cuisine includes beans, rice, tomatoes, onions, jalapenos, chilies; pork, goat, garlic, wheat, refritos, avocados, cheese; Flan is a favorite dessert; and notes lacking vitamin C and low calcium due to lactose intolerance?
• Disaccharides are composed of how many monosaccharide units?
• Which molecules are glucose, fructose, and galactose classified as?
• Which condition relates to low red blood cell counts or low hemoglobin?
• High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is what type of cholesterol?
• Dysentery is a disease caused by protozoa and is characterized by what symptom?
• Which cuisine is characterized by large servings of meat with little vegetables and starch, and includes greens, potatoes, beets, mushrooms, barley, plums, rye, sausages, cheese, dark bread, and dairy, noted as needing more vitamins, minerals, and fiber?
• Which condition benefits from a high-fiber diet to prevent complications?
• Which vitamin is described as a prohormone for calcium and phosphorus and is heat-stable?
• Which cuisine notes that pork and chicken are common, with beef sausage and fish also popular?
• Vitamins involved in red blood cell formation, increased intake during pregnancy, are which pair?
• Which condition involves excess base or loss of acids from the body?
• What is the process called when nutrients are taken up in the intestines?
• Temperatures that encourage bacterial growth fall within which range?
• Which type of carbohydrate is rich in dietary fiber and B vitamins?
• Which secretion of the stomach mucosa is essential for vitamin B12 absorption?
• What temperature inhibits the growth of Salmonella?
• Which condition involves a greater need for salt and water due to excess losses and may require vitamin supplementation?
• Prevention of rickets is achieved with which vitamin?
• What is the name of the semi-fluid mass that moves from the stomach through the pyloric sphincter into the small intestine?
• Intrinsic factor is secreted by which tissue to aid vitamin B12 absorption?
• Which nutrient can decrease blood cholesterol levels?
• A person who is capable of spreading an infectious organism but is not sick is called a?
• Which cuisine lists lentils, beans, and milk as primary protein sources?
• Xerophthalmia is a deficiency symptom primarily associated with which vitamin?
• Glycogen stores energy for about how long?
• If energy intake exceeds energy output over time, what happens to body weight?
• Pernicious anemia is mainly caused by an inability to absorb B12 due to problems with gastric secretions and intrinsic factor receptors. Which term best describes this condition?
• What is the primary function of protein in the body?
• Into which segment of the small intestine does chyme pass after leaving the stomach?
• What is the active form of vitamin A?
• Destruction of red blood cells due to lack of which vitamin can occur?
• Which term refers to fatty tissue?
• Which B vitamin is necessary for metabolism?
• What condition is caused by malfunction of a valve or sphincter that can lead to acid reflux?
• Which cuisine highlights seafood, eggs, and pork as protein sources alongside grains?
• Which statement about fat-soluble vitamins is true?
• Which drugs are intended to inhibit appetite?
• Which fatty acid is commonly classified as nonessential in human nutrition?
• Which organism produces a neurotoxin that causes double vision and paralysis and is commonly associated with improperly canned foods?
• What term describes something that has been inhaled or suctioned?
• Prevention of rickets is achieved with which vitamin?
• Which organ is primarily responsible for breaking down lactose, maltose, and sucrose?
• Deficiency disease caused by lack of vitamin D that causes malformed bones and pain in infants is called?
• Which bacterium is commonly found on human skin and can contaminate food leading to rapid onset of illness when ingested?
• Which vitamin is an antioxidant essential for protection of cell structure, especially red blood cells?
• Which fibrous carbohydrate cannot be digested by humans?
• Which substances absorbed in the large intestine are used as energy, known as volatile fatty acids?
• Which macronutrient provides the most energy per gram?
• Which cuisine mentions pork and chicken as common, with beef sausage and fish also popular, and includes cabbage sauerkraut, carrots, turnips, potatoes, beans, lentils, onions, spatzle, dark bread, and muesli, while eggs and dairy are included and fat intake should be reduced?
• Simplesse is a fat substitute used for which category of foods?
• Which parasite causes gastroenteritis with watery diarrhea after consuming feces-contaminated food?
• Which of the following foods is an incomplete protein source?
• Which nutrient provides energy in the diet and accounts for about 50% of daily intake?
• Which process converts polyunsaturated oil into saturated fat?
• Which condition should be provided with at least 25 to 35 kcal per kg of body weight per day and adequate protein?
• Inorganic elements to help build and repair tissues are called?
• Which condition would commonly require a low-residue diet to minimize bowel movement frequency?
• Which vitamins are fat soluble?
• Which cuisine features pasta, rice, olives, and fruit as staples, with beef seldom used and dessert as fruit?
• Which metabolic process uses oxygen within cells to produce energy?
• Night blindness is caused by deficiency of which vitamin?
• Which section is the first part of the small intestine?
• Which vitamin is essential for metabolism of carbohydrate, fat, and protein and is necessary for tissue maintenance and healthy eyes?
• A large lipid molecule made from glycerol and three fatty acids; function as energy-storage molecules. What is this called?
• Which condition is described as needing small frequent meals and avoidance of esophageal irritants?
• Neural tube defects such as spina bifida are caused by the deficiency of which nutrient?
• Fats provide the most concentrated form of what?
• What is the typical cooking temperature range in Fahrenheit?
• Vitamin for proper clotting of blood?
• Which fluid is the liquid component of blood?
• Maltose is formed during digestion of which carbohydrate?
• BMR is calculated by converting weight to kilograms and multiplying by 24, with adjustments for gender. Which of the following describes that adjustment?
• Which foods are considered incomplete proteins?
• Which illness is most commonly linked to outbreaks from consuming raw poultry and eggs and causes gastroenteritis?
• The presence of albumin in the urine during pregnancy is most closely associated with which condition?
• Which condition requires a high-fiber diet?
• Which of the following is a complete protein source listed in the material?
• Sodium is important in which process related to concentration gradients?
• What organic substance is defined as a substance that causes changes in other substances?
• The unit representing the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1°C is known as what?
• Thiamine, riboflavin, and B12 are found in which food group?
• Lactose intolerance is caused by deficiency of which enzyme?
• Cajun is described as lacking calcium and vitamins D, E, and C. To which cuisine group does this description belong?
• Maltase, sucrase, and lactase are produced in which part of the digestive system?
• After digestion, all carbohydrates are converted to which sugar that the brain uses for energy?
• Which enzyme converts starches to simple sugars?
• Which illness is the deadliest form of food poisoning?
• "Cafeteria germ" outbreaks occur with large quantities of food and involve a spore-forming pathogen. Which organism is described?
• Which vitamin contains cobalt and is involved in folate metabolism, maintenance of the myelin sheath, and healthy red blood cells?
• Sucrose, maltose, and lactose are classified as which type of carbohydrate?
• Which cuisine includes pickled herring among its foods?
• Megadoses of which vitamins are more common because they are stored in the body's fatty tissues?
• Which vitamins are water soluble?
• What is the muscular movement that propels food through the digestive tract?
• Which parasite is a roundworm that can be contracted from undercooked pork?
• Which cuisine is described as needing more vitamins, minerals, and fiber?
• Which cuisine notes calcium intake is low due to lactose intolerance?
• The medical term for craving non-food substances during pregnancy is which of the following?
• Which cuisine includes corn, wheat, seafood, beef, pork, rice, olive oil, chicken, pinto beans, and okra; plantains, green bananas, potatoes, squash, taro, and breadfruit; pineapple, mango, papayas, guava, and coconut; Not enough calcium?
• How many calories are in a gram of fat?
• Which nutrient deficiency can contribute to anemia by limiting hemoglobin production?
• Which ion maintains extracellular fluid osmolarity?
• Which mineral deficiency is commonly linked to delayed growth and hypogonadism?
• Which hormone triggers the gallbladder to release bile for fat digestion?
• Which device is used to measure body fat percentage by skinfold measurement?
• The outer covering of grain kernels that contains minerals, B vitamins, cellulose, and protein is called what?
• Three groups of lipids found naturally in the body and food?
• Which enzymes break proteins down into amino acids?
• Which substance neutralizes chyme in the small intestine and is released by the pancreas in response to secretin?
• Dysentery is an infection of which body system?
• Fatty acids are organic compounds of?
• Which term describes the deficiency condition caused by lack of vitamins in general?
• Which vitamin is essential for protein metabolism and absorption, and aids in the release of glucose from glycogen?
• What term describes products grown without pesticides?
• Interstitial fluid is located where?
• Which vitamin serves as a coenzyme in energy metabolism and is essential to every body cell?
• Which nutrient deficiency is associated with pernicious anemia?
• What is the danger zone for food contamination in terms of temperature?
• High blood pressure, edema, and albumin in the urine are symptoms of which condition?
• Fat metabolism refers to which type of metabolic process?
• Which solute in the extracellular fluid is principally responsible for maintaining fluid balance?
• What is the primary source of dietary fiber?
• Organ meats are a good source of which vitamins?
• Trichinosis is caused by a parasitic roundworm associated with which food?
• Which cuisine focuses on rice and noodles with relatively more fish than other meats and has high sodium intake?
• Which cuisine is associated with down-home breads served with most meals?
• Which condition is caused by lack of protein and leads to edema?
• Xerophthalmia is a deficiency sign associated with which vitamin?
• Which vitamin is known for its antioxidant role and importance in vision, bone growth, reproduction, cell division, and immune regulation?
• Vitamin D deficiency may lead to osteomalacia; which condition can evolve into osteoporosis?
• Wheat germ and liver are good sources of which vitamin?
• A diet deficient in fats may be deficient in which essential fatty acid?
• Which disease is managed with a gluten-controlled diet?
• Which of the following is a disaccharide?
• What is the canning temperature range in Fahrenheit?
• A patient with an ileostomy may require supplementation with which vitamin due to altered absorption?
• Which of the following is a monosaccharide?
• Which cuisine includes plantains, green bananas, potatoes, squash, taro, and breadfruit?
• Cholesterol is a sterol.
• Which cuisine is described by down-home breads, fried fish, and vegetables, and is noted as high in fat, sodium, and carbs with deficiencies in iron, calcium, fiber, potassium, and vitamin C?
• Which vitamins are commonly increased during pregnancy to support red blood cell formation?
• Which bacterium is found on human skin and open wounds and can cause rapid-onset food poisoning within 30 minutes to 8 hours?
• Omega-9 fatty acids are generally classified as nonessential.
• What is the protein that occurs in blood plasma?
• Which hormone is released when food reaches the small intestine and stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate to neutralize chyme?
• Cellulose is a polysaccharide that humans cannot digest and is a major component of what?
• Fatigue and weakness are symptoms of which condition?
• What term describes reduced blood flow that hinders nutrient delivery to tissues?
• Olestra is a fat substitute used for which category of foods?
• Wheat germ and liver are good sources of which vitamin?
• Which term refers to a microorganism that can sometimes be pathogenic?
• What term describes a fatty deposit on the interior of artery walls that can lead to a heart attack or stroke when it blocks vessels?
• Which vitamins are easily destroyed by air, light, and cooking?
• Which enzymes are involved in digesting disaccharides such as maltose, sucrose, and lactose?
• What term means without vitamins?
• Fluid within cells is called which?
• A pancreatic enzyme necessary for protein digestion is called what?
• Which statement best describes incomplete proteins?
• Which nutrient provides energy and is formed from glycerol, delivering about 9 calories per gram?
• Which substances absorbed from the large intestine are used as energy?
• Which illness is associated with raw meats and eggs and can begin 6 to 48 hours after ingestion?
• Which term refers to the mass of chewed food and saliva in the mouth that is ready to be swallowed?
• What is the term for chest pain due to inadequate blood supply to the heart muscle?
• Which plant foods contain saturated fats?
• What is the recommended daily protein intake (in ounces) for a 2000-calorie diet?
• When carbohydrate intake is insufficient, the liver produces what as an alternative energy source?
• Which carbohydrate is known for being dietary fiber and is indigestible by humans?
• Which organ stores and concentrates bile and releases it in response to CCK?
• Which term refers to hardening of the arteries due to plaque formation in the inner lining?
• Lactose, a common sugar in dairy, is primarily found in which foods?
• Which electrolyte is primarily located in intracellular fluid and maintains fluid balance?
• Which cuisine emphasizes protein from seafood, chicken, and eggs and has sushi as a popular dish, with a note that fruits are needed?
• Glycogen is stored in which tissues?
• Which enzyme reduces fats to fatty acids and glycerol?
• Improperly canned foods can lead to a deadly foodborne illness caused by a toxin-producing bacterium. Which bacterium is it?
• Nutrients found only in food are referred to as what?
• Cholesterol contributes to which condition?
• Which nutrient category is described as being richly supplied by fruits and vegetables?
• Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in which tissues?
• What is the generic term for thickened arteries?
• What is the rate at which energy is needed for body maintenance?
• Which statement about insoluble dietary fiber is supported by the material?
• Which foods are considered low-nutrient-density?
• Which element is found in all body cells?
• Which of the following can cause iron deficiency?
• Which term is the generic descriptor for thickened arteries?
• Which group of vitamins are fat soluble and stored in the body's fatty tissues?
• Glycogen is the storage form of which sugar?
• Which enzyme in the mouth begins digestion?
• Which milk is a good source of copper?
• Glucose and fructose are examples of which carbohydrate category?
• A protein deficiency that can cause edema is known as what?
• What process changes polyunsaturated oil to saturated fat?
• Which bacterium is known as the ‘‘cafeteria germ’’ that forms spores and is associated with large-scale foodborne outbreaks?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the three natural lipid groups?
• Which extracellular fluid solute is a major cation outside cells and helps regulate fluid balance?
• What are nitrogen-containing chemical compounds of which protein is composed?
• Which mineral is known to work with calcium to support bone health?
• Fat alternative for baking?
• Which mineral works with calcium to strengthen and maintain healthy bones and teeth?
• Which condition during pregnancy is commonly described as high blood pressure that can include edema and protein in urine?
• Which component of blood carries oxygen?
• Chronic malabsorption diseases such as cystic fibrosis, celiac disease, and Crohn's disease commonly lead to deficiency of which vitamins?
• Which vitamin is commonly added to cereals and breads?
• What are the digestive secretions in the stomach that contain HCl, pepsin, and mucus called?
• Which body system transports fats throughout the body?
• Which sugar is described as the product of digestion of milk?
• Pernicious anemia is caused by the deficiency of which vitamin?
• Lipoprotein described as essential for the protection of nerves. Which substance is this?
• Iron is a necessary component of which molecule?
• What is the medical term for abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen?
• Which option best describes a primary function of the stomach?
• Where are maltase, sucrase, and lactase produced?
• Which illness is the deadliest form of food poisoning caused by Clostridium botulinum?